At about 16 o'clock on December 29, 2013, with the unearthing of a bronzed sacrifice with small wings, the excavation and extraction of the tomb of M4 in the Shigushan West Zhou Dynasty in Baoji, Shaanxi Province came to an end. After two days of hard work, the archaeologists extracted 48 pieces of exquisite bronzes from the 8-meter-deep burial chamber, including rare bronzes such as bronze enamel, ball scorpion, four-eared scorpion, sacred and inscription Fang Ding. The research provides valuable information.
Four-eared nailed animal face: as if you heard the cow gasping
All the archaeologists at the scene were amazed when the four-eared nail-nailed face of the four-eared nails was excavated. This four-eared scorpion is more than 40 centimeters high and more than 50 centimeters wide. It has a deep body and a deep abdomen. The mouth is folded outwards. The abdomen is "grown" with hard nails. When unearthed, two unearthed scorpions are placed inside. The part without the rust is very bright. Four ears are cast in the abdomen of the carcass, and the neck to the lower abdomen are decorated with delicate stripes. Surprisingly, this four-eared nailed animal face is decorated with 28 heads and 192 nails. The front, side and back of the ear are decorated with different shapes of cow heads. The embossed cow head on the top of the ear is both form and spirit. Liu Hongbin, deputy director of the Baoji City Cultural Relics and Tourism Bureau, said that it was close to the ear, as if you could hear the gas from the cow's nose.
According to experts, in addition to the unearthed four-eared nailed animal face, two pieces of cockroaches were unearthed in the Baoji area. One of them was unearthed in the Zhifang Village of Baoji District in the 1980s. It is now in the Baoji Bronze Museum, but its size is much smaller than that unearthed this time. Liu Hongbin explained that the four-eared owls are rarely found in history. In addition to the famous Bronze Museum in Baoji City, there is another one that was stolen from the Western Zhou Tomb of Baoji Daijiawan and is currently in the United States. The one in the pavilion, but none of them are large. This four-eared scorpion is the "most cattle" in the archaeological history of the Qing Dynasty in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
Bronze sacrifice: like a deer like a sheep with wings
Among the many bronzes unearthed this time, a bronze sacrifice with small wings can be described as exquisite. The head of the head with the antlers and the face like a sheep is full of cuteness, and the cute image is unbearable. This sacrificed the head like a herbivore, while the four feet have the claws of the carnivore. Viewed from the side, this "four is not like" front legs are upright, the hind legs are squatting, curved, and a pair of bird wings stick out from the abdomen, seeming to run wild. In addition, in addition to the back is full of exquisite all kinds of ornamentation, the sacrificial hips and legs are also rounded and thick, and a short tail has captured all the strength.
Most of the items used by the ancients to worship the gods are flamboyant, gorgeous, and eye-catching to show piety. Wang Zhankui, a cultural relic expert, said: "Salvation is a heavy tool used by the ancients to worship the gods. This sacrifice has a very high archaeological research and artistic appreciation value. It is a very rare treasure of the Shang Dynasty bronze art." Unearthed before the Baoji area Bronze statues in the shape of animals such as Niu Zun, Zun Zun, and Bird Zun, but they have not been consistent with this sacrifice form, especially this pair of small wing-like shapes that sacrifice the abdomen are even rarer. Because it is concentrated in a variety of animal forms, it is currently not named, and it is called sacrifice.
Bronze enamel: the first bell in the country
In the excavation on December 28, one large and one small bronze gongs became the oldest bronze gongs unearthed in China. Most of the previously unearthed in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty, the unearthed was initially judged as the end of the Shang Dynasty. Early Zhou Dynasty. The large bronze plaque is lined with bells, and it is also the first bronze enamel with bells unearthed in China.
Ren Xueli, director of the Exhibition Research Office of the Bronze Museum of Baoji City, said that although the bronzes of the bells are more common, the bronze cymbals of the bells are very rare. Although the bronze statues of the Palace Museum in Beijing are closer to the body shape, the Palace Museum does not have ear and bell. The archaeological study of this bronze bell is very valuable, and it can be used to judge and speculate on the bronze plaque of the Forbidden City.
Four-footed small square tripod: inscription shows the owner's name
Among the many bronzes unearthed, a small four-footed small square tripod is also very eye-catching. On the inner wall of this small square, there is an inscription. The inscriptions are lined up from left to right with the words “ä¹éŸ¦äºšä¹™å°Šâ€. Archaeologists explained that the first word of the inscription "ä¹" is "made", "Weiya" is the master of this tripod, and "respect" is a general term for utensils. According to this speculation, this Fang Ding is a respected person or family made by Wei Yayi. However, whether the owner and the tomb of Ding are the same person cannot be confirmed at present.
In addition, in the precious cultural relics such as the unearthed square scorpion, bronze enamel, and split 甑 (zèng steamed food utensils), bronze 甑 is very rare, unlike the bronze enamel form of the combination of 甑 and 甑 in the past, currently only in Anyang, Henan. The Yinxu Women’s Tomb was unearthed.
The owner of the tomb or the prince of Zhou Chaoyou
In view of the characteristics of the high tow pockets and 12 tombs in the Shigushan cemetery, Wang Zhankui concluded that the owner of the tomb may be the surname of Jiang and the "king of the friends of the Zhou Dynasty". Wang Zhankui said that archaeology cannot simply look at the value of a single cultural relic, but should consider the historical and cultural information transmitted from the entire cemetery. The tomb group with the high-collar bag and footworm as the main funerary object indicates that the owner of the tomb is an indigenous person of Baoji, which is conducive to the establishment of the name of Jiang. The high-collar bag is a popular one in the Guanzhong area during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. A very diverse feature of the pottery.
"The owner of the tomb is probably the prince of the Zhou Dynasty. The king of Wu is mainly relying on his own family and the surname of Jiang. After Zhou Wangchao got the world, he shared some power with the political alliance and explained these high-profile cultural relics." Wang Zhankui explained, "Of course, these inferences still require a lot of research and provide more powerful evidence to support."
According to reports, the Western Zhou cemetery in Shigushan, Baoji, Shaanxi Province, was discovered by local villagers when they dug their foundations in 2012. The cultural relics department has been working continuously since 2013. At present, 11 large-scale Western Zhou cemeteries have been excavated in the cemetery. The 8th wall of the Western Zhou Dynasty tombs are still being cleaned up. After the bronzes are cleaned in the niches, there are still a lot of cultural relics such as shellfish, enamelware and lacquerware to be extracted, and bronzes. The indoor cleaning and research work also takes time.
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